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Frances Xavier Cabrini

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Saint

Frances Xavier Cabrini

MSC
Virgin
BornMaria Francesca Cabrini
(1850-07-15)July 15, 1850
Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
DiedDecember 22, 1917(1917-12-22) (aged 67)
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Resting placeSt. Frances Xavier Cabrini Shrine, Upper Manhattan, New York,
United States
Venerated inCatholic Church
BeatifiedNovember 13, 1938 by Pope Pius XI
CanonizedJuly 7, 1946 by Pope Pius XII
Major shrine
Feast
  • November 13 (US, 1961 to date)
  • December 22 (elsewhere)
PatronageImmigrants

Frances Xavier Cabrini MSC (Italian: Francesca Saverio Cabrini (birth name), July 15, 1850 – December 22, 1917), also known as Mother Cabrini, was a prominent Italian-American, Catholic who was a religious sister. She founded the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (MSC), a religious institute that provides education, health care, and other services to the poor in 15 nations.[1] During her lifetime, Cabrini established schools, orphanages and other social service institutions in both Italy and the United States.

Born in Italy, Cabrini migrated to the United States in 1887 and became a naturalized American citizen in 1909.[2] On July 7, 1946, Cabrini became the first American citizen to be canonized a saint by the Catholic Church. The Vatican in 1950 named her as the patron saint of immigrants.[a][3][4]

Cabrini's annual feast day in the United States is November 13, her beatification day. In other nations, her feast day is December 22, the day she died.[5]

Life in Italy

[edit]

Early years

[edit]

She was born Maria Francesca Cabrini on July 15, 1850, in Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, in the Province of Lodi of Lombardy, then part of the Austrian Empire. She was the youngest of the 13 children of farmer Agostino Cabrini and his wife Stella Oldini.[6] Only four of her siblings survived beyond adolescence.[3]

Born two months prematurely, Frances Cabrini was small and weak as a child and remained in delicate health throughout her life.[3] During her childhood, she visited an uncle, Don Luigi Oldini of Livraga, a priest who lived beside a canal. While in Livrage, she made little paper boats, dropped violets she called "missionaries" in the boats, and launched them in the stream to sail to India and China. Cabrina made her first holy communion at age nine.[7]On one occasion, she fell into the river and was swept downstream. Her rescuers found on a riverbank. Cabrini attributed her rescue to divine intervention.[8]

Cabrini's older sister Rosa was a teacher, which influenced her to follow the same career path.[8] At age 13, Cabrini attended a school in Arluno, Lombardy, that was run by the Daughters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. In 1868, she graduated cum laude from the school with a teaching certificate and came home to teach at the parish school.[9] She worked for three more years as a substitute teacher in Vidardo. After Cabrini's parents died in 1870, she applied for admission to the Daughters of the Sacred Heart at Arluno. However, the sisters rejected Cabrini because they believed her health wasn't strong enough.[10] In 1872, while working with the sick during a smallpox outbreak, she contracted the disease. later contracted smallpox and was rejected by the Canossian Sisters of Crema, again due to health reasons.[7] It was reported, however, that officials in Carbrini's parish asked the two orders to deny her application because they did not want to lose her as a teacher at their school.[8]

Orphanage in Italy

[edit]

In 18774 a priest in Codogno, Lombardy, invited Cabrini to take over a poorly-run orphanage in that town. That same year, Cabrini was accepted in the Sisters of Providence religious order and took religious vows. She added Xavier (Saverio in Italian) to her name to honor Reverend Francis Xavier, the patron saint of missionary service. Like Xavier, Cabrini still wanted to become a missionary in East Asia.[2]While at the orphanage, she assembled a small community of women with the aim of creating a religious home. However, the two sisters in charge of the orphanage finances were jealous of Cabrini and worked to thwart her actions. The orphanage and the local Sisters of Providence chapter dissolved in 1880.[8]

In 1880, the bishop of the Diocese of Lodi, Domenico Gelmini, told Cabrini that she should pursue her dream of becoming a missionary, but that did not know of any religious orders that would train them. Cabrini said she would start her own order.[11] That same year, Cabrini bought a former Franciscan convent in Codogno. In November 1880, she and several other women left the orphanage to found the Institute of the Salesian Missionaries of the Sacred Heart.[12][13] At the Codogno convent, the MSC sisters took in orphans and foundlings, opened a day school, started classes in needlework, and sold their fine embroidery.[9] The institute eventually established seven homes, a free school and nursery in Lombardy in its first five years.

In 1887, with the blessing of Bishop Giovanni Scalabrini, Cabrini opened a convent in Castel San Giovanni in the Diocese of Piaenza. Scalabrini had recently found the Scalabrinian Missionaries,, an order of priests performing missionary work in New York. He believed that Cabrini's order would be of tremendous assistance to them in their work. He asked Calabrini if she would open an orphanage in New York. Countess Mary Reid DiCesnola, a wealthy Catholic socialite in Manhattan, had been relentlessly petitioning both the pope and Archbishop Michael Corrigan for the establishment of a New York orphanage for Italian girls, which she would fund. Still wanting to go to Asia, she still allowed Scalabrini set up a meeting for her with Pope Leo XIII.[14]

Papal recognition

[edit]
Mother Cabrini meets Pope Leo XII (1887). Painting by Luigi Arzuffi, at the Our Lady of the Assumption Church, Caselle Landi, Italy

In September 1887, Cabrini went to Rome to meet Leo XII. She asked him for permission to set up a convent in Rome, which he readily agreed to. She also asked for permission to sents missions to Asia. However, Leo XII was thinking of a different destination. [8]

During the 1880s, the pope and the rest of the Roman Curia were worried about the large numbers of impoverish Italian immigrants emigrating to New York. Leo was concerned that these Catholics would leave the church unless they received assistance. Instead of allowing Cabrini to go to China, Leo XII told her, go "...not to the East, but to the West..." to New York City.[12]In December 1888, Cabrine committed to going to New York. The pope also recognized the MSC as a missionary institute, the first group of Italian religious sisters to receive that approval. Scalabrini promised Cabrini that the Scalabrinians would greet them in New York and take care of their needs.[8]

Mission in New York

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Arrival

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Corrigan wrote to Cabrini in February 1889, welcoming her to the city, but advising her to delay her departure to allow more preparation. However, she missed that letter.[14] Cabrini left for the United States, arriving in New York City on March 31, 1889, along with six other sisters.[15] Arriving in New York, the MSC sisters discovered that the Scalabrinians were not at the dock and that they had failed to set up accomodations for them. The sisters spent their first night in the United States in a decrepit rooming house with bed bugs in the mattresses, forcing them to sleep on chairs.[16][12][3]

During this period, the Catholic hierarchy and clergy in New York City were dominated by Irish immigrants who share a common prejudice against Italians, considering them superstitious and almost pagan. Many parishes segregated Italian worshippers in church basements and the archdiocese had very few Italian priests.[17][14]Corrigan, also Irish, believed that only men were suitable for missionary work with immigrants. He wanted Italian priests, not religious sisters.

Meeting with archbishop

[edit]

The day after arriving in New York, Cabrini and the other sisters walked into Corrigan's office. Totally surprised that they were in New York, Sullivan told Cabrini that the archdiocese was unready for them and that they should immediately return to Italy. Cabrini refused to go back, simply saying, “I have letters from the pope.” and gave her letters of introduction to Corrigan. His hands tied, Corrigan could not force them to leave. He asked Cabrini to establish a schools for Italians first and wait on the orphanage.[17][14] After the meeting, the Sisters of Charity in the Bronx gladly provided residence for Cabrine and her entourage at their convent.[8] The Scalabrinian priests later provided a rundown convent for the MSC sisters in the Five Points area of Manhattan.

Mission work

[edit]
St. Cabrini Home, West Park, New York (1890)

With no assistance from the archdiocese, Cabrini and her sisters started knocking on tenement doors in Little Italy in Manhattan. Many Italians in New York were suspicious of the institutional Catholic Church, sentiments fostered by the government of the newly unified of Italy. Their loyalties lay more with their personal sains. In addition, as most of the immigrants came from Sicily, Naples and other southern regions, they were initially suspicious of the MSC sisters, who came from Lombardy. [17][14]

With the help of other female religious orders, the MSC sisters started tending the sick, teaching children and feeding the hungry. Soon the neighborhood merchants started providing the sisters with food and funding to support their mission. [17][14]

With Corrigan's blessing and funding from DiCesnola, Cabrini opened the Sacred Heart Orphan Asylum, her first orphanage in the United States, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. However, the high cost of running the institution in the city, plus increasing friction with Corrigan, soon prompted Cabrini to move the orphanage to the countryside.

First orphanage in United States

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In 1890, Cabrini purchase a property from the Jesuits in West Park, New York, where she relocated the orphanage. She also established a novitiate for her order on the property. The West Park campus The asylum later became St. Cabrini Home, the headquarters for the order in the United States and a boarding school.[17] Other orphanages in the United States would force girls to leave once they turned age 14. Cabrini refused to do that at her orphanages. She insisted that the orphanage only discharge the girls if they were placed with an adoptive family or trained to earn an independent living.[18]

Although she moved the MSC order to West Park, she continued to be involved in work in New York City. She was still unable to set up a school in New York, stymied by again by the Scalabrinians. However, she joined with them in the building of the first hospital in New York for Italians in 1890. She brought ten MSC sisters from Italy to staff the hospital, which opened in 1891.

Other missions

[edit]
Columbus Hospital, Chicago, Illinois (1922)

As Cabrini's reputation grew, she started receiving requests for help on Catholic projects outside New York. She traveled in 1891 to Nicaragua to open a religious house, then to Grenada to start a school. Arriving in Chile, she went by mule over the Andes Mountains to found schools in Brazil and Argentina.[19]

The final destination in her trip was to New Orleans in 1892, where she set up another school for Italians. The area was a hotbed of anti-Catholic sentiment. In 1890, a mob forcibly removed 13 Italian men in jail for allegedly murdering the New Orleans police chief and lynched them.[8]

Cabrini was forced to return to New York from New Orleans in later 1892. This was because the Scalabrinian hospital was facing collapse due to the order's financial mismanagement. She pulled the sisters from that hospital and with $250 started her own, the Columbus Hospital, in 1892. Tired of the incompetence of the Scalabrinian Missionaries, she cut all ties between them and her own order.[14] [8]

During the early 1890s, Cabrini established schools for Italian communities in Manhattan, the Bronx, Newark, New Jersey, and Scranton, Pennsylvania. Cabrini in 1895 started establishing missions among the large population of Italian immigrants in rural Louisiana. They established missions in Metairie, Harvey Canal and Kenner, traveling by mule through rural towns and villages. They would visit hospitals and act as interpreters for Italian patients who could not speak English.[20]

Cabrini arrived in Chicago in 1899 to work with the large Italian population in that city. Her next stop in 1902 was in Denver, Colorado, followed by a trip to Seattle, Washington, in 1903.[18] Cabrini was naturalized as a United States citizen in 1909.[2]

Cabrini in 1911 opened Columbus Hospital in the Italian neighborhood in Lincoln Park in Chicago . However, some neighbors were unhappy with the hospital, fearing that it would lower property values. During its construction in the winter, a vandal cut the water mains, flooding the construction site. When the Columbus Extension Hospital was being built on the Near West Side, an arson attack was thwarted.[3] [21]

Death and legacy

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On the day before she died, Cabrini was wrapping sweets she bought with her personal funds as Christmas gifts for children at the Italian school. She died suddenly the next day from chronic endocarditis at age 67 at Columbus Hospital in Chicago on December 22, 1917.[6][19] Cabrini's body lay in state at Columbus Hospital until December 26th, when it was transported to New York City by train. She lay in state in New York until December 31st; on January 1st, 1918, Cabrini was interred at the Saint Cabrini Home in West Park, New York.[22] Her remains were exhumed and removed in 1933.

Cabrini founded 67 missionary institutions to serve the sick and poor, long before government agencies provided extensive social services – in New York; Chicago and Des Plaines, Illinois; Seattle; New Orleans; Denver and Golden, Colorado; Los Angeles; Philadelphia; and in countries throughout Latin America and Europe.[2]

In 1926, the MSC achieved Cabrini's original goal of sending missionaries to China.[23]

Veneration

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Mother Cabrini High School band at Yonkers Parade (2005)

In 1921, Peter Smith was born in Columbus Hospital in New York. He was blinded when a nurse accidentally administered a 50% silver nitrate solution into his eyes. The doctors said that Smith's corneas were destroyed and that he was permanently blind. The mother superior of the hospital later touched a relic of Cabrini to his eyes and pinned a medal of cabrini to his gown. The nurse who committed the mistake prayed to Cabrini to help him. When the doctors examined Smith 72 hours later, his eyes were normal. The Vatican cited this case as a miracle in 1938.[24][25]

Sister Delphina Grazioli, an MSC sister, was dying after four surgical procedure in Seattle from 1925 to 1929. She saw a vision of Cabrini and then made a miraculous recovery. The Vatican accepted this also in 1938 as a miracle from Cabrini.[25]

In 1933, the MSC exhumed Cabrini's body and divided it as part of her canonization process. They sent her head to the chapel of the congregation's motherhouse in Rome. Her heart went to Codogno and her arm bone to the National Shrine of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini in Chicago. The sisters sent most of her body to the St. Frances Xavier Cabrini Shrine in New York City.[26]

Citing the Smith and Grazioli cures, Pope Pius XI beatified Cabrini on November 13, 1938. Smith, now a priest, attended the ceremony. Pope Pius XII canonized Cabrini on July 7, 1946.[27][3] After Cabrini was canonized, an estimated 120,000 people attended a mass of thanksgiving at Soldier Field in Chicago.[28]

In the Roman Martyrology, Cabrini's feast day is December 22th, the anniversary of her death. This is the day ordinarily chosen as a saint's feast day.[29] Following the reforms in Pope John XXIII's Code of Rubrics in 1960, the United States has celebrated Cabrini's feast day on November 13th, her beatification day. This change was made to avoid conflicting with the greater ferias of Advent.

In 1950, Pius XII named Cabrini as the patron saint of immigrants, recognizing her efforts worldwide to build schools, orphanages and hospitals.[30][31]Pope Francis has stated that Cabrini's charitable works in Argentina inspired him to become a priest..[26]

Shrines

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National Shrine of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini

[edit]
National Shrine of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini in Chicago, Illinois (2017)
Main article: National Shrine of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini

The National Shrine of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini is located in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago. When the shrine was founded in 1955, it was located within the Columbus Hospital complex in Chicago. Cabrini had founded the hospital in 1905, lived and worked there, and died there in 1917. After Cabrini's canonization 1946, the archdiocese decided that it needed a shrine in her honor. When the hospital was demolished for a high rise development in 2002, the shrine closed for ten years. It was relocated next to the new development, renovated and reopened in 2012.[32]

The shrine was re-dedicated by Cardinal Francis George on September 30, 2012, It contains gold mosaics, Carrara marble, frescoes, and Florentine stained glass,. It also preserve the room from the Columbus Hospital in which Cabrini died. The shrine is used today for worship, spiritual care, and pilgrimage.[32]

Mother Cabrini Shrine

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Stone House at Mother Cabrini Shrine in Golden, Colorado (2014)
Main article: Mother Cabrini Shrine

The Mother Cabrini Shrine is located on Lookout Mountain in Golden, Colorado. Cabrini purchased the property in 1910 to serve as a summer camp for the girls from her Queen of Heaven Orphanage in Denver. She built the Stone House in 1914 to serve as the girls dormitory.[33]

After Cabrini's canonization in 1946, the MSC converted the summer camp into the Mother Cabrini Shrine. It contains a footpath up Lookout Mountain, marked with the Stations of the Cross, that ends at a 22-foot (7 m) statue of Jesus.[34] The shrine campus includes a convent, visitor accommodations, a chapel and an exhibit of Cabrini artifacts. The statues and stained-glass windows in the chapel came from Villa Cabrini Academy in Burbank, California.[33]

St. Frances Xavier Cabrini Shrine

[edit]
St. Frances Xavier Cabrini Shrine in New York City (2010)
Main article: St. Frances Xavier Cabrini Shrine

The St. Frances Xavier Cabrini Shrine, located in Hudson Heights neighborhood of New York City, houses her remains. Cabrini purchased the property in 1899 to establish a school for the girls of wealthy families. In 1930, the MSC established the Mother Cabrini High School on the site. They moved her remains in 1938 to a glass-enclosed coffin under the altar of the school chapel.[35]

Cabrini's canonization in 1946 brought a huge influx of visitors to the chapel. To accommodate them, the sisters in 1960 moved her remains to a separate shrine building. They now reside in a large bronze-and-glass reliquary casket in the shrine's altar. Her body is covered with her religious habit and a sculpted face mask and hands for viewing.[35]

Other shrines

[edit]
Mother Cabrini Shrine in St George's Cathedral, Southwark, London, England (2019)
  • The Mother Cabrini Shrine at St George's Cathedral in London, was dedicated by Archbishop Kevin McDonald in 2009. Cabrini worshipped at St. George while staying in London. The shrine occupies a former confessional in the cathedral and contains a bronze sculpture of Carbrini watching over migrants who stand on a pile of suitcases.[36]
  • The Mother Cabrini Shrine in Burbank, California is located near the site of the former Villa Cabrini Academy, founded by her order. The shrine consists of a chapel that Cabrini founded in a different location in Burbank in 1916. The Italian Catholic Federation relocated the chapel to St. Francis Xavier Church in 1973 to save it from demolition. The federation added a library wing to the shrine in 1993.[37]
  • The Shrine of Mother Cabrini is located on the campus of the Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima in Lewiston, New York.[38]
  • Our Lady of Pompeii Church in New York city has a shrine, a statue, and a stained-glass window dedicated to Cabrini. She and her Missionary Sisters taught religious education there.[39][40]
  • The Mother Cabrini Shrine in Peru, New York, is a stone grotto on the grounds of St. Patrick Church. It was dedicated in 1947.[41][42]

Legacy

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Mother Cabrini Mosaic at St. Robert Bellarmine School, Burbank, California (2008)

Churches and parishes

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St. Frances Cabrini Church, Omaha, Nebraska (2012)
Stained glass window of Mother Cabrini at St. Stephen Church in Chesapeake, Virginia

Italy

[edit]
  • St. Frances Cabrini Parish (parrocchia Santa Francesca Cabrini), Codogno[43]
  • St. Frances Cabrini Parish (parrocchia Santa Francesca Cabrini), Lodi
  • St. Frances Cabrini Parish (parrocchia Santa Francesca Cabrini), Rome
  • St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, 18-foot (5.5 m) statue of "S. Francisca Xaveria Cabrini", included among 39 saints who founded religious congregations[44]

United States

[edit]

Brazil

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São Paulo

  • Colégio Madre Cabrini, São Paulo
  • Casa Provincial, São Paulo
  • Casa Santa Cabrini, São Paulo
  • Casa São José, São Paulo
  • Casa N. Sra. de Caravaggio, São Paulo
  • Casa Sagrado Coração de Jesus, São Paulo
  • Centro Social da Criança, Luz (bairro de São Paulo)
  • Centro Assistencial Santana, Jd. Ana Lúcia
  • Colégio Boni Consilii, Campos Elíseos

Minas Gerais

Rio De Janeiro

  • Centro de Formação e Espiritualidade Cabriniana, Tijuca
  • Obra Social Santa Cabrini, Tijuca
  • Obra Social Santa Cabrini, Vila do João

Piauí

Maranhão

  • Casa Fraternidade Irmã Rafaela, Itapecuru-Mirim

Other countries

[edit]

Hospitals

[edit]
Former Cabrini Medical Center, New York City
  • St Francis Xavier Cabrini Hospital, opened by MSC in 1958 in Melbourne, Victoria, in Australia. It is now Cabrini Health, a network of hospitals and other facilities.[68]
  • Santa Cabrini Hospital, founded in 1958 in Montreal, Quebec, in Canada
  • St. Frances Cabrini Medical Center and Cancer Institute in Santo Tomas City, Batangas, in Philippines[69]
  • The former St. Cabrini Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, founded in 1910 as the Columbus Hospital Extension. It became St. Cabrini Hospital in 1946
  • Christus St. Frances Cabrini Hospital in Alexandria, Louisiana, founded shortly after her canonization, and named because Bishop Charles Greco had met her in his childhood[70]
  • The former Cabrini Medical Center in New York City. It was formed by a merger with Columbus Hospital. Co-founded by Cabrini in 1892

Film

[edit]

Cabrini (2024): portrayed by Cristiana Dell'Anna

Institutions with Cabrini name

[edit]
Cabrini Woods Nature Sanctuary, New York City
  • The former St. Cabrini Home in West Park, New York. Was Cabrini's first orphanage, the American MSC headquarters and her original burial place. The facility closed in 2011.[71]
  • The Cabrini Museum and Spirituality Center occupies the convent that Cabrini founded in Codogno in 1880.[72]
  • The former Cabrini University in Radnor, Pennsylvania. Founded by the MSC in 1958, it closed in 2024.[73]
  • RSA Santa Francesca Cabrini is a residential care facility for the elderly in Codogno.[74]
  • The Cabrini Mission Foundation, founded in 1998, supports Cabrini programs worldwide and institutions focused on health care, education, and social services.[75]
  • Cabrini of Westchester consists of two residential facilities for the elderly in Manhattan and Dobbs Ferry, New York that are operated by the MSC.[76]
  • The Cabrini–Green public housing project in Chicago, built between 1942 and 1962.[77]
  • Cabrini Boulevard in Manhattan, New York.[78]
  • Cabrini Woods Nature Sanctuary in Fort Tryon Park in Manhattan
  • Mother Cabrini Park in Newark, New Jersey. It includes a 1958 statue of Cabrini on the site of a school she founded.[79]
  • Mother Cabrini Park in Brooklyn, New York, in 1992, located on the site of a school Cabrini founded.[80]
  • The Cabrini-Zentrum near Offenstetten, Germany, is a school and home for orphans and special needs children, with disabilities. It was founded by the MSC in 1946.[81]

Honors

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See also

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Bibliography

[edit]

Nonfiction

[edit]
  • Maynard, Theodore. Too Small a World: The Life of Mother Frances Cabrini. Foreword by Timothy Cardinal Dolan. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2024 [original: 1945].
  • De Donato, Pietro. Immigrant Saint: The Life of Mother Cabrini. New York: McGraw Hill, 1960.
  • De Maria, Mother Saverio. Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini. Translated by Rose Basile Green. Chicago: Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, 1984.
  • Travels of Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini: Foundress of the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Edited by Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Chicago: Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, 1984.

Fiction

[edit]
  • Gregory, Nicole. God's Messenger: The Astounding Achievements of Mother Frances X. Cabrini: A Novel. Washington, D.C.: Barbera Foundation, 2018.

Children and Young Adults

[edit]
  • Keyes, Frances Parkinson. Mother Cabrini: Missionary to the World. Vision Books. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1997.
  • Andes, Mary Lou and Victoria Dority. Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini: Cecchina's Dream. Illustrated by Barbara Kiwak. Boston: Pauline Books, 2005.

Notes

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  1. ^ Elizabeth Ann Seton was the first canonized saint born in what is now the United States. She was born in 1774 in New York, then a British colony, and canonized in 1975.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Maynard, Theodore (1945). Too Small a World: The Life of Mother Frances Cabrini. San Francisco: Ignatius Press (published 2024). ISBN 978-1-62164-704-1.
  2. ^ a b c d "St. Frances Xavier Cabrini - Missionary to the Immigrants | Florida State Council". web.archive.org. April 7, 2020. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Ripatrazone, Nick (Spring 2023). "Mother Cabrini, the First American Saint of the Catholic Church". Humanities: The Magazine of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Vol. 44, no. 2. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
  4. ^ Kelley, Debbie (October 3, 2022). "Colorado's Mother Cabrini Day, Columbus Day and Indigenous Peoples Day cause confusion". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved June 18, 2024.
  5. ^ "Mother Cabrini Day in Colorado". www.cabriniworld.org. October 2, 2023. Retrieved June 18, 2024.
  6. ^ a b "Our Patron Saint". web.archive.org. August 30, 2009. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  7. ^ a b "Mother Cabrini, the First American Saint of the Catholic Church". National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved January 8, 2025.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rademacher, Nicholas (2017). "Commemorating the Centennial of Mother Cabrini's Death". American Catholic Studies. 128 (3): 111–124. ISSN 2161-8542.
  9. ^ a b "Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini". web.archive.org. May 30, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  10. ^ "Catholic Home Study Service - Frances Xavier Cabrini 1850-1917". www.cin.org. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  11. ^ "Museo Cabriniano di Codogno - Home". www.museocabriniano.it. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  12. ^ a b c "Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini - Franciscan Media". www.franciscanmedia.org. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  13. ^ "Museo Cabriniano di Codogno - Home". www.museocabriniano.it. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g DiGiovanni, Stephen Michael (1991). "Mother Cabrini: Early Years in New York". The Catholic Historical Review. 77 (1): 56–77. ISSN 0008-8080.
  15. ^ Rothman, Lily (July 6, 2016). "How Mother Cabrini Became the First American Saint". Faith. Time. Archived from the original on March 4, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
  16. ^ "Mother Cabrini, the First American Saint of the Catholic Church". National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved January 8, 2025.
  17. ^ a b c d e "Saint of immigrants was almost sent back to her home country". Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture. Retrieved January 8, 2025.
  18. ^ a b Sullivan, Mary Louise (1987). "Mother Cabrini: Missionary to Italian Immigrants". U.S. Catholic Historian. 6 (4): 265–279. ISSN 0735-8318.
  19. ^ a b O'Sullivan, Donal (1946). "St. Frances Xavier Cabrini: Canonised July 7 1946". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review. 35 (139): 351–356. ISSN 0039-3495.
  20. ^ Sullivan, Mary Louise (1987). "Mother Cabrini: Missionary to Italian Immigrants". U.S. Catholic Historian. 6 (4): 265–279. ISSN 0735-8318.
  21. ^ Attaway, Julia (November 17, 2023). "Sabotage!". Cabrini Shrine NYC. Retrieved January 8, 2025.
  22. ^ Attaway, Julia (December 20, 2022). ""Mother Has Flown to Heaven"". Cabrini Shrine NYC. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  23. ^ Tiedemann, R.G. (2016). Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China. Routledge. p. 204. ISBN 978-1315497310. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
  24. ^ Connolly, Seán (November 12, 2019). "The age of miracles has not passed". Catholic World Report.
  25. ^ a b "MOTHER CABRINI TO BE BEATIFIED; Decree to Be Read on Saturday in the Presence of the Pope". The New York Times. August 4, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  26. ^ a b Luongo, Michael (February 6, 2015). "In Upper Manhattan, Restoring the Golden Halo of Mother Cabrini". The New York Times.
  27. ^ "Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini". www.cabrini.edu. Archived from the original on April 2, 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  28. ^ Martin, Michelle (February 26, 2012). "Cabrini shrine seeing improvements, new mission" Archived August 26, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Catholic New World, Archdiocese of Chicago.
  29. ^ Martyrologium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001). ISBN 88-209-7210-7.
  30. ^ Mann, Tania (January 6, 2008). "Relic reawakens spirit of Mother Cabrini's mission" Archived August 26, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Catholic New World, Archdiocese of Chicago.
  31. ^ Pope Pius XII (September 7, 1950). "Sancta Francisca Xaveria Cabrini, V. Omnium Emigrantium Patrona Apud Deum Constituitur" (in Latin).
  32. ^ a b "History of the Shrine". The National Shrine of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini. Retrieved January 8, 2025.
  33. ^ a b "The Shrine". Mother Cabrini Shrine. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  34. ^ "History of Mother Cabrini Shrine" Archived September 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Mother Cabrini Shrine, Golden, Colorado.
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Further reading

[edit]
  • Lorit, Sergio C. Frances Cabrini. New City Press (1975, Second Printing).
[edit]
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